Sultan Selim III essays

Sultan Selim III essays I am Selim III, one of the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. I am a successor of my father, Mustafa III. I have eleven wives but had no children. During my reign of eighteen years, I experienced victories, but also suffered many severe defeats. I came to throne during the war with Austria and Russia and created the Turkish army, navy and infantry units. I was imprisoned by those who opposed my reformation and I was killed soon after I was dethroned. I have led the Ottoman Empire with fair and justice. I was born in Istanbul on 24th of December, 1761. I was the son of Sultan Mustafa III and Mihrisah Sultana. Soon after I was born, my father died leaving me as his successor. Since I was much too young to be a sultan, my uncle, Abdulhamid I, ascended the throne in place of my father. He took good care of me and put great emphasis on my education. I grew up becoming very well educated. After my uncles death, I was enthroned on 7th April, 1789 in my 28th year. I am a very religious and I consider myself as a patriotic young man. I was fond of literature and calligraphy. My work was put on the walls of mosques and convents. People think I am a talented poet, musician and a composer. I also speak Arabic and Persian fluently. My people respect me and they are hopeful about my administrations. As a modern man and reformist ruler, I attempted to reform and modernise the Empire. I have led many of his armed forces in battles and wars. I suffer severe defeats in the second Russo-Turkish Wars with Catherine II, but I suffered no major territorial losses when peace was made at Jassy in 1792. As a keen and reformist ruler, I set out to rebuild the Turkish navy on European lines and to reform the army. In 1798, I joined the second coalition against France in the French Revolutionary Wars. Turkish forces lost Jaffa to Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon had invaded Syria in 1799 and took over Egypt, but I forced Napoleon to retreat. In 1806 wa ...

15 Positions and Their Variations

15 Positions and Their Variations 15 Positions and Their Variations 15 Positions and Their Variations By Mark Nichol Position, as a verb meaning â€Å"set† or â€Å"place† and as a noun referring to the attitude or location in which something is set or placed, is derived from the Latin verb ponere, as are a number of terms using that word as a base to form new meanings revealed more or less transparently by their prefixes. A list of these verbs and nouns, as well as a few related adjectives, plus simple definitions and their literal meanings for each word, are included here. appose: put near (â€Å"set near†) apposite: appropriate, well placed (â€Å"set near†) apposition: noun or noun phrases with the same meaning set adjacent to each other, or that relationship; also, proximity, or the deposition of layers (â€Å"something set near†) compose: create (â€Å"set with†) composer: a creator (â€Å"one who sets with†) composite: made of different parts (â€Å"set with†) composition: a creation (â€Å"something set with†) decompose: disintegrate (â€Å"removing something from being set with†) decomposition: disintegration (â€Å"something removed from being set with†) depose and deposit: put down (â€Å"remove from being set†) deposit and deposition: something put down (â€Å"something removed from being set†) dispose: put away (â€Å"set away†) disposal and disposition: the act of putting something away; disposition also refers to an attitude, mood, or tendency (â€Å"something set away†) expose: show (â€Å"set out†) exposition: something shown (â€Å"something set out†) expository: shown (set out†) impose: place pressure on someone (â€Å"set on†) imposition: pressure placed on someone (â€Å"something set on†) interpose: interrupt or place between (â€Å"set between†) interposition: interruption or placement between (â€Å"something set between†) juxtapose: place together for comparison (â€Å"set beside†) juxtaposition: placement together for comparison (â€Å"something set beside†) oppose: disagree (â€Å"set against†) opposite: against (â€Å"set against†) opposition: disagreement (â€Å"something set against†) presuppose: assume or require something is true, exists, or will happen (â€Å"set on before†) presupposition: an assumption that something is true, exists, or will happen (â€Å"something set on before†) propose and proposition: suggest (â€Å"set forth†) proposal and proposition: a suggestion (â€Å"something set forth†) superimpose: place on top of something else (â€Å"set over†) superimposition: something placed on top of something else (â€Å"something set over†) superpose: same as superimpose, but with an additional sense of placing geometric figures congruently atop each other suppose: assume (â€Å"set under†) supposition: assumption (â€Å"something set under†) suppository: medicine placed in the rectum or vagina (â€Å"something set under†) transpose: move away (â€Å"set across†) transposition: movement away (â€Å"something set across†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†Does "Mr" Take a Period?How to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Friendster Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Friendster - Assignment Example A defendant who has only added a new element to the claimed invention cannot avoid liability. Facebook and Myspace may use the defense of invalid as anticipated to avoid legal liability. This is through claiming that Friendster should not have been given this patent rights as their invention was anticipated. An anticipated invention is one that draws its inspiration from prior arts thus making their production to be predictable and expected by people. Such an invention cannot be a novelty and only novelties are accepted for receiving patent rights (Cooper, 2007). The option of showing that the patent is invalid as obvious can be used to discredit the patent rights. An invention may not be anticipated but obvious. The doctrine of obviousness gives the accused infringers some form of flexibility when the court is determining validity of a patent. Patents on invention which are novel but contain little differences with other inventions of prior arts will be invalid if such differences are very pronounced to a person who is skilled to that relevant art. The defendants may claim that the patents by Friendster are unenforceable even though they are valid. Even though Facebook and Myspace may have infringed on the patent rights, they may prove that those rights were not enforceable (Schlicher, 2003). This may succeed if Friendster had committed conduct that was inequitable. This conduct may involve failure to disclose the relevant prior art to the examiners during prosecution. This conduct is inequitable as it accords an inventor undeserved advantage over other inventors who comply with the inspection rules. The patent rights obtained are legal and valid but they are

Government and Non-Profit Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Government and Non-Profit Organizations - Essay Example This will not only provide joint support but will initiate some other ways of improving tourism among the youths and the local people. Some of the governmental agencies which the organization can partner with include Ministry of sports and youth affairs, Ministry of tourism, as well as institutions of higher learning in Kenya. The above mentioned government agencies will be highly meaningful in giving support to the realization of the organization goal in various ways. Ministry of sports and youth affairs is in charge of sporting activities in the country as well as establishing the well-being of youths in the country. It therefore has the influence of youths towards visiting the parks. Ministry of tourism is in charge of promoting tourism in the national and international arena. This will provide an avenue for marketing the organization and formulating policies to the local people as well as to the youths hence creating awareness (Jones, 2005). Institutions of higher learning comprising of universities and middle colleges can arrange tour activities such as picnics and adventures to the Nairobi National Park as they are the centre of excellence where many youths are. Despite the efforts by Nairobi National Park to increase the number of local tourist, there are perceived conflicts which are to arise as it partners with government and other agencies. One of the potential conflicts is on the fee to be charged in the entrance. Most young adults do not have enough money to cater for the higher fees charged hence will conflict with the agencies which may introduce small fees. Additionally, the agencies may want to dominate through imposing policies against the organization. The clash in polices will pose a conflict between the organization and government

Special Education and Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Special Education and Needs - Essay Example (Florian 2006).These children need special attention and care and that is why special education is needed. The quality of educating special children should improve. Inclusive education is not made compulsory in all the countries. Inclusive education is modifying the existing system to suit the needs of these special children. The government should take measures to provide proper education and other facilities to the special children. Though there is an increase in the number of schools, the people selecting these schools are still less. Most of the disabled children are not enrolled in any of the schools and they feel they are different from others. Educational institutions all over the world are trying hard to provide the necessary facilities for the disabled children. Government should provide the resources required to manage the special children. Inclusion helps in providing the essential opportunities to all students. It helps in increasing the involvement of students in all types of activities. The existing government and their policies on special education and inclusion are better than how it was before. But this is not sufficient, as disabled people find it difficult to mingle with the normal people. Although there are several institutions that help these children and include them, this has to be increased. In countries like U.K and America, where the number of service organizations are limited, it becomes difficult for the parents to manage such children. More service organizations should be established and they should take the initiative to help these children. Government must organize all this and make sure the special education is provided to everybody without any discrimination. Inclusion is done to enable all students including the disabled to participate in all activities. They should not be separated from others; doing so will spoil the child's mind. America When compared to other countries, America has the major number of schools that educate students with disabilities. The number of students in the special education is rapidly increasing, which in turn leads to the increase in the special education schools. Generally it is difficult to make out the student who has disability from the normal students, as not all of the disabled people will be severe. American education system is being inclusive as it includes people with all sorts of disability. (Mitchell 2005).Disabled students will not be able to perform well when compared to the other students. Hence special care should be taken to make them excel in the academics. Most of the special children pursue their high school, where as there is a decline in the disabled students completing the high school. Once they complete their education, most of them try and engage in any employment and some continue their higher education. This information was revealed by a recent survey conducted in Am erica. America is definitely growing at a fast pace in improving the special education institutions. As seen in the survey report, America is better than the other countries in terms of the inclusion and education for all. There are so many schools that concentrate on educating these special and disabled children. To enhance the existing education system, the schools should be made aware of the disabilities and special children. The teachers and the faculties must have knowledge about the problems and how to help them in continuing their education. New strategies can be adapted

Focus on the Learner Essay Example for Free

Focus on the Learner Essay 1.Group Profile Its a mixed group with a very mixed cultural background as only three students are actually from Germany. Four of the students were born in another country e.g. Lithuania, Turkey, France and Romania. They all moved to Germany as adults and all share German as a common language. The group is heterogeneous concerning the age they started learning English. Two students started learning as adults while the others started learning at school. Most of the students have learnt another language as an adult and therefore have previous language learning experience. The motivation for doing the course is quite high and the group can be divided into two groups – students who need English for their job/university and students who want to learn for their own enjoyment. They are all at upper intermediate level. Except for one student (who could be classed as a converger), the overall group could be classed as concrete learners. They enjoy the social aspects of learning and like to learn from direct experience. They are interested in the language and they enjoy games and group-work in class. The entire group could also be classed as communicative learners because they show a degree of confidence and a willingness to take risks. They are much more interested in social interaction with other speakers of the language than they are with analysis of how the language works. (Learning styles based on Keith Willing [1987]). 2.Strengths and weaknesses Grammar The students are weak when forming the present simple (especially 3rd person singular) (e.g. I must to take the train, She like climbing, Stephen come from Australia) very often confusing it with the present continuous. (Sometimes Im reading Turkish books). Most students also have problems when using the simple past (we seed its ill, I gone to school with her, We can found this in a school, Where are you born?, She were †¦). Some students also have problems with verb-noun collocations (e.g. She make all the housework) Vocabulary The students have a good basic knowledge of vocabulary. They can talk about themselves, where they come from, their profession, their families, experiences they have had in the past and things they like to spend more money on. (Example of good language: My picture is a technical object but I really dont know what it is used for, Because you met the Pope, you changed your mind You said dug – so it is dig, dug, dug = verb orientation). Many of the students try to translate directly from German into English (The cat was by us) and sometimes use a German word in a sentence, using it questioningly enabling other students to help out with the correct English word. The students respond very well, offering suggestions until correct answer is found. Most of the students focus on finding the exact translation of the unknown word rather than trying to paraphrase their idea. Pronunciation All the students have a strong L1 interference and speak with an accent. The group responds well to drilling the right pronunciation and where to put stress on the words. They are keen to sound natural and like repeating after  the teacher. Some students pronounce the endings of words that arent necessary e.g. clothes, See instead of sea, Lus their jobs Words: 208 3.Strengths and weaknesses skills Reading The students are able to read a text fairly quickly in order to understand the overall meaning. After enquiring about a few words of vocabulary (sometimes looking this up themselves in a dictionary) they are able to answer all the questions quickly and correctly. Listening The students are able to listen to texts read to them and in most cases understand the general meaning already after the first time. After hearing the text for the second time, they are able to answer questions, in most cases correctly. The students react well to instructions and during conversation they wait patiently until their dialogue partner has finished. One student is a panicky listener, the others all seem to be relaxed listeners. Writing The students have a wide range of vocabulary appropriate for the given tasks. Their sentences are well-structured and they make few mistakes. Speaking The students try to use structured sentences. If they are confident with the vocabulary hesitation is less frequent, with new vocabulary or grammar most students hesitate frequently. The students are motivated to improve their speaking ability and they make a great effort to only speak English. Some of them use gestures when they do not know a word, others switch between German and English, using the German word to fill in the gaps in the sentence (I go with the Straßenbahn, I make Teig with Zimt and †¦). 4.Recommendations Language development 1.Total English Workbook (Pre-intermediate) Antonia Clare/JJ Wilson – Longman Publishers Page 8, Section 1.3Grammar : Present Simple vs Present Continuous Justification:All 3 exercises on this page help the students to distinguish between the present simple and the present continuous. It also concerns activities they can associate with 2.New Cutting Edge (Pre-intermediate Students Book) Sarah Cunningham/Peter Moor – Pearson/Longman Publishers Module 4, page 34Language Focus 1 Present continuous and present simple Justification:At the top left of the page there is a grammar exercise section where the students have to underline and give an example of the present simple/present continuous. Exercises 1 and 2 help to practice the use of them. 3.Language to go Students Book (Pre-intermediate) Gillie Cunningham/Sue Mohamed – Longman Publishers Lesson 3, page 9 – The Present (Grammar focus) Justification:Exercises for the students to practice distinguishing between Present simple and Present continuous. First of all filling in the gaps, then writing their own email and finally using the language by talking in pairs 4.Total English Students Book (Pre-intermediate) Richard Acklam/Araminta Crace –Pearson/Longman Publishers Chapter 1, page 14 – Review and practice Justification:Exercises for practicing both present simple and present continuous (including question-forming) 5.Clockwise Pre-intermediate Class Book Bruce McGowen Vic Richardson – Oxford University Press Chapter 25, page 65 – Present simple and continuous Justification:Students can fill in the tables with the verb and then complete the rules for using Present simple and continuous themselves in exercise 1 6.New Edition Basis for Business David Christie – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 2, pages 24 and 25 – Further study (Simple present and present continuous) Justification:On page 24 there is an explanation of when to use simple present and present continuous and on page 25 there are exercises to practice 7.New Edition Basis for Business David Christie – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 3, pages 37 and 38 – Further study (Simple past and past continuous) Justification:On page 37 there is an explanation of when to use simple past and past continuous and on page 38 there are exercises to practice 8.Powerbase Pre-intermediate David Evans – Longman Publishers Unit 4, pages 30 to 33 – Going places Justification:The article on page 31 is quite interesting for the students. On page 30 they can fill-in the verbs in the past and present form and on page 32 the past simple can be practiced in exercises. 9.Business opportunities Vicki Hollett – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 5, Growth and development, pages 50 and 51 – Past experiences Justification:The article on page 31 is quite interesting for the students. On page 50 they can fill-in a time line. On page 51 there is an explanation on when to use the simple past, questions for the students to answer and discussion exercise. Skills development 10.Business opportunities Vicki Hollett – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 2, Telephoning to make arrangements, pages 23, 150 and 151 Justification: Students usually enjoy doing role play. In these exercises they work with a partner and discuss a) a conference programme and b) arranging a meeting. 11.Business opportunities Vicki Hollett – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 7, Telephoning to exchange information, page 73 Justification: Students will probably find the stories on this page quite amusing. They will then discuss any car accidents or funny incidents that they have experienced themselves. References: 1.Total English Workbook (Pre-intermediate) Antonia Clare/JJ Wilson – Longman Publishers 2.New Cutting Edge (Pre-intermediate Students Book) Sarah Cunningham/Peter Moor – Pearson/Longman Publishers 3.Language to go Students Book (Pre-intermediate) Gillie Cunningham/Sue Mohamed – Longman Publishers 4.Total English Students Book (Pre-intermediate) Richard Acklam/Araminta Crace –Pearson/Longman Publishers 5.Clockwise Pre-intermediate Class Book Bruce McGowen Vic Richardson – Oxford University Press 6.New Edition Basis for Business David Christie – Cornelsen Oxford 7.Powerbase Pre-intermediate David Evans – Longman Publishers 8.Business opportunities Vicki Hollett – Cornelsen Oxford

Belly Dancing Essay -- Art, Dancing

Hate doing crunches? Do they strain your back and neck muscles? Try belly dancing, it gives you better benefits than the average crunch with less pain. In addition to the physical and emotional benefits, belly dancing also has an impact on child birth and ones creativity in an entertaining manner. The physical benefits of belly dancing are, being able to become healthier, and in better shape. Being out of shape can also affect a person’s emotional-state. Participating in belly dancing can benefit ones self-esteem, and help their emotional well-being. Ones emotional-state can take a toll for the worst or the best when trying to become pregnant. Belly dancing is said to help the chances of a woman trying to become pregnant. Belly dancing also helps the birthing process, and can also help your pelvic muscles after pregnancy. Being pregnant can affect ones choice in attire. Belly dance allows one to become creative through the choreography and also their attire. Belly dancers bri ng out the most of their creativity while performing on stage. Belly dancing is very beneficial to ones physical and emotional state and could also help with the birth process; therefore it should be applied as a creative and entertaining form of daily exercise. Belly dance has physical and health benefits, remember; â€Å"A healthy heart is a happy heart†. According to Pina Coluccia â€Å"Belly Dancing strengthens the heart muscle and stimulates circulation† (Coluccia 84). Belly dancing is considered an aerobic or cardiovascular exercise. â€Å"Belly dancing can be considered a cardiovascular exercise, because it has similar effects as jogging or cycling† (Coluccia 84). Kanina says â€Å"Most of the students that attend my belly dancing classes, use belly dancing as a form o... .... The creativeness of belly dancing is brought out by what the women or men wear, and also where they are performing, and what style of belly dancing they are performing. If a woman is pregnant and is performing she could wear a dress and hide her belly, or she could emphasize her belly and wear a bra and a skirt. Belly dancing depends on the person; if they want to be more physically fit it is a good form of exercise. If a person wants to boost their self-esteem level practicing belly dancing will allow them to come in touch with their spiritual self. Also if a woman wants the birth process to be an easy belly dancing practices the birthing dance or movement. Belly dancing is very beneficial to ones physical and emotional state and could also help with the birth process; therefore it should be applied as a creative and entertaining form of daily exercise.