Stem Cell Research and Cloning

Stem Cell Research and Cloning Stem cell research and cloning offer promising breakthroughs in the treatment of several conditions such as diabetes, myocardial infarction, and spinal cord injury. The research is based on the fact that young cells can renew themselves and form tissues. Scientists must, therefore, reprogram somatic cells to produce the desired organ before the cells cross the specialization and differentiation stages. To this end, this paper examines ethical issues associated with stem cell research and cloning. Stem cell researchers might not accurately determine the right stage at which cells begin to differentiate and specialize to form organs for the purpose of introducing the anticipated DNA. For this reason, scientists can end up creating a chimera that is part human and pig. Still, researchers can create a chimera that is part sheep and goat due to experimental failures (Karpowicz, Cohen, Van der Kooy, 2005). Experiments involving human subjects can, therefore, be catastrophic and evil if human characteristics are transferred to animals. Stem cell research and human cloning face ethical condemnation because scientists destroy cells embryos as they perform experiments. Still, in experiments involving oocyte retrieval, women must undergo invasive procedures and risk infection, bleeding, and complications of anesthesia. The women also fail to receive a payment that can compensate the time lost in the experiment, as well as, the cost of undergoing induced complications (Lo Parham, 2009). Research involving human subjects should be regulated by institutions such as The National Institutes of Health because the studies have several ethical implications. Specifically, researchers must adhere to set standards because of the need to uphold human dignity when undertaking sensitive experiments. Further, researchers should uphold bodily integrity, protect the privacy of the participant, and autonomy (Kapp, 2006). As a result, studies involving human subject should present sound scientific justification why they must use human oocytes, embryos or human subjects. Still, institutional review boards should provide additional supervision on sensitive studies.

Health Related Quality Of Life Essay - 798 Words

Background and Significance Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been endorsed as a crucial indicator of health outcomes of individuals in different age groups, both in the USA and Thailand (Health Service, 2010; Ministry of Public Health, 2016). Adolescence is a time of significant and potentially stressful development during which constructing self-identity, continuing to develop autonomy, and exploring intimacy occurs (Steinberg, 2014). Experiencing and dealing with cancer during adolescence has been shown to have a major impact on normal development (Castellano-Tejedor et al., 2015; Shosha, 2016; Treenai et al., 2015). Evidence shows that adolescents with cancer reported lower HRQOL than their younger and older counterparts (Smith et al., 2013; Stokke et al., 2015), and low HRQOL was associated with treatment non-adherence (Rosenzweig Liang, 2016; Song et al., 2015). Studies in mixed-age groups of adolescents and other age groups with cancer showed that HRQOL could be predicted by age, gender, c ancer type, treatment, time since diagnosis, spiritual well-being, and depression (Bai et al., 2015; Punthmatharith et al., 2014; Perez-Campdepadros et al., 2015). However, research that exclusively includes adolescents with cancer does not exist, thus hindering a clear understanding about HRQOL in the target population whose growth and development could be jeopardized if not appropriately nurtured. Additionally, a model demonstrating predictors of HRQOL usingShow MoreRelatedHealth Related Quality Of Life1324 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Related Quality of Life: South Carolina Health and quality of life has its’ own meaning to every individual. Many factors contribute to a personal belief of health, but this individualization or opinion of health does not make it immeasurable. 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Business Capstone Project Sewage Discharge Materials

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Capstone Projectfor Sewage Discharge Materials. Answer: Introduction to Literature Review Organic products are the products grown without the utilization of pesticides, synthetically made chemical agents, sewage discharge materials, radiations, organisms with modified genes. The organic products from animal origin are devoid of any harmful chemicals, or other substances as the animals are not treated with growth enhancing hormones or antibiotics. Thus, organic farming is the technique that involves producing food and substances naturally (www.marketwired.com 2016). The world population is increasing day-by-day and provision of food and related requirements may get difficult subsequently. Moreover, the use of chemicals, pesticides, radiations and other means that are applied for production of food in modern industry is adding to the cause of environmental degradation (www.unctad.org 2016). The harmful agents are disrupting the flora and fauna balance, human health is getting affected largely. Now, sustainable methods for cultivation of crops and other food products is a necessity to save the world and its habitants from further damage. The organic farming for food production is a major step towards green revolution and sustainable development. There are few considerations for cultivation of organic food products. The market for organic product globally as well as individual lands , market size, the consumers and their present trends towards the organic food consumption, demand and supply of the food products grown naturally and production of the organic food staff are given in the below mentioned literature review. Organic Market According to Alexandratos and Bruinsma 2012, the total land available globally is about 13.4 billion hectare. The agricultural land constitutes of about 1.5 billion hectares. The land available currently for organic agriculture is approximately, 37.2 million hectares. According to Willer, Lernoud and Schlatter 2014, Oceania constitutes of about 12.2 million hectares of land, which is the worlds most organic agricultural area. The developing countries account for about one third of this agricultural area. Despite the reductions in world economical condition, the sales of organic products increase consistently. Australia comes under Oceania region. Though Oceania region accounts for the worlds largest area for organic agriculture, yet its significance is reducing. The organic market is comparatively small in Australia. It contributes about less than 2 percent of the global market for organic products. According to Australian organic market report 2014, the consumption of organic products in Australia is reaching heights. Beef and dairy are held as the fastest growing organic product in this sector. Among others, dairy products have shown highest growth ($113m), second highest growing product is beef with worth of $198m. Overall export of the organic food substances has shown a significance increase in growth from 2012 to 2014. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and development report 2014, 80 percent of the total organic farmers are in developing countries. The organic food product sales contribute about 60 billion dollars to the global economy each year (www.unctad.org 2016). Strength: The organic market in Australia is growing consistently and the demand of the organic products is increasing day-by-day. Hence, it will be beneficial to the Capstone Project. Weakness: Oceania region accounts for the worlds largest area for organic agriculture, yet its significance is reducing. Hypothesis: The organic market is developing and it will prove to be beneficial from the perspective of the business as the organic market growth rate is increasing rapidly in Australian market. Conclusion: Australia comprises of the largest organic cultural land, the market growth is also reaching heights, hence by considering the importance of the land, it is concluded that the business will do well in the market. Market Size According to a research by Marketwired 2016, the global market for organic products is analyzed and expected the by the end of 2020, it will reach 2111.44 billion in US dollar. It has been studied that there is an increase in consumer awareness about the harmful effects of the food staffs prepared from toxic substances. The market size of the organic products increases subsequently. Statistics say that in 2013, about 35 percent of the shares in revenue was accounted by the organic fruit and vegetables market in 2013. It is expected that in the near future the market size of the poultry, meat and fish will be higher than 13 percent with the increasing trends in the organic products consumption. Non-beverage food articles like rice, soybeans, oats comprises of 43 percent of the global organic market and it is forecasted to have a growth of more than 23 percent. The world market for the beverages like coffee and tea is anticipated to grow over 20 percent. The market size of the organic processed and frozen food products will likely to have a growth of 11 percent in the future (www.marketwired.com 2016). As per the Nutrition Business Journal, the sales of the organic products were expected to witness a growth of US$11 billion in 2004 to US$27 billion in 2012. This forecast was made in lieu of the increasing rate of agriculture and consumption of the organic products in the world market (Dias et al. 2015). According to International federation of organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), it had been estimated that there would be a market growth of US$20 billion( 2001) to US$62.9 billion (2011) globally. Australia was ranked as the highest state containing agricultural land. Moreover, it was estimated as one of the potential market of the world in organic products (Willer and Lernoud 2013). The data on Australian organic industry statistics provides mix information supplied by Australian Quarantine and Inspection service. According to the analysis by IBISWORLD, since the last five years, organic farming practices have been held as economically the highest sector contributing the world economy. The revenue from the organic sector is estimated to grow in the coming years (Mitchell 2012). Strength: The market size and the sales rate are likely to grow further. Weakness: Presently, the market size is small in Australia. Hypothesis: The Capstone Business project will be benefitted with the up gradation of the industrial scale as the present status of the organic industry in Australia is small scale in nature. Therefore, by up gradation, the business will grow. Conclusion: Though currently Australia has small scale industrial developments in organic sector, it is evident from the reports that the organic products sales rates have increased and hence there are higher predictions of the growth in organic market size. In this way the project also gets benefitted. Customers According to the Australian organic market report, a huge transformation had been observed in non-organic product consumers and an increase in purchases of organic products has been reported. It increased from 24 percent to 40 percent in 2014. The organic food having authentic certification is consumed by one third of the customers in Australia (Ferguson, Pinnuck and Skinner 2014). According to Shafie and Rennie 2012, there is an increase in the interest towards organic product irrespective of the age, income and education of the consumer segment. The price of the organic product is a major factor that is predominantly holding back the consumption of the organic substances. The shift towards the organic sector is due to the global concerns about the harmful and toxic substances found in the conventional food products that lead to major health issues and becomes a point of agony among the customers. According to a survey report, about one third of the customers have shown interest in paying for the organic food products as they have a better safety profile. It has been reported that a majority of the United States population have shifted towards the organic product consumption and hence an increase in the sales of the organic articles is evident (Lee and Yun 2015). A recent study revealed that a number of strategies required to be adopted to ensure safe consumption of the organic food products. Appropriate labeling of the food product, public awareness program regarding the organic food product and benefits of the use of the articles are important elements need to be recognized by the consumers of the organic product and non-organic consumers as well (Teng and Wang 2015). Strength: There is an increase in the interest towards organic product irrespective of the age, income and education of the consumer segment. They are socially more aware about the environmental degradation and hence choosing the organic food products for enhancing their longevity Weakness: The prices of the organic products are comparatively high and a major barrier to consumption of the products. Hypothesis: Reasonable prices of the organic products will attract more consumers towards consumption of organic foods that will be beneficial to the project as well. Conclusion: The consumers are well aware of the sustainability issues and are shifting towards the organic product consumption. However, the prices are high and are sometimes unaffordable to all the societal classes. It is concluded that with price reduction the consumption rate will be higher, so the business will increase in terms of sales rate. Supply and Demand Urbanization has a great impact in the forthcoming demand and supply of food products worldwide. In case of an abrupt increase in urbanization, the availability of the dietary components will be limited, if the state has reached to its maximum in terms of economic stability. The countries contributing greatly to the processing sector also face greater need for organic food product demand. The factors playing vital parts in influencing the demand are price, quality of products, origin of the product and the food labeling and social objectives. There is an increasing demand for fruits, meat, oils, herbs and various spices (Carolan 2016). Hines 2014, states that an appropriate approach is required for establishing proper supply chains of the organic products. It should be based on customer-oriented supplies and in accordance with the overall market scenario. The major challenge is the expenses of the products. It needs to be ensured that the customer demands are met adequately. Security for food is a worldwide issue at present, followed by a decrease in stocks of food articles and the prices increased sharply. The crisis period has passed apparently but there is a lack in the initiative required for the raising the awareness towards the relevant issues. This might be due to the prevailing pressure of increasing population, rapid increase in demand. The unfavorable climatic conditions are a constant threat to the supply and production of food substances to fulfill the needs of the growing population. Thus, Australia being an exporter in food substances has greater impact of the food scarcity and escalation in the prices of the products. Food security was considered as a major issue and a problem that needs public attention in Australia (Dibden, Gibbs and Cocklin 2013). Phosphorus has a great importance in production of food. It cannot be replaced by some other elements. It has a greater role in meeting up the feeding demands of the population worldwide. However, if this continues, it will lead to huge demand of the phosphorus, cropland, dairy products, food and beverages. It is estimated that by the end of 2040, the phosphorus resources will be depleted and hence, supply will be decreased. The demands for food cannot be met eventually. Therefore, this situation necessitates the emergence of a measure for optimal and balance use of phosphorus in food industry to maintain the demand and supply chains (Cordell and White 2013). Strength: Demands in the markets for organic products are increasing constantly. Weakness: It is analyzed that if the current demand and supply of the organic food products are not met adequately, there will be decrease in growth of the organic sector globally. Hypothesis: The supply rates should be high in situations of high demands and low when the demands of the products are decreased. Conclusion: The organic products are in high demand, the supply chain must meet up the demands and this will bring an overall growth of the organic market. The business project will eventually have higher demands of organic products. Production Agriculture is highly sensitive to changes in climatic conditions. The changes are due to natural calamities or sometimes they are manmade. Thus, climate has a major impact on crop production. This affects the livestock and health. It also creates an alteration in the pattern and balance of the food and food products trade. It also affects the supply of food products and their prices. Therefore, more information and data are required for forecasting the climatic changes (Wheeler and Von 2013). It is necessary to adopt such an agricultural system that is highly productive as well as reduces the anticipated risks to the environment and human lives. The sustainable methodologies have emphasized more on minimization of the costs and contamination of the environment (Ponisio et al. 2015). Seufert, Ramankutty and Foley 2012, states that it is important to consider sustainable technique as an important tool for production of crops. The benefits of organic farming must be understood from the perspective of social, economic and environmental backdrop. The organic yield rates are a part of the social, ecological and economical benefits, yet it is accepted universally if it has some sustainable developmental basis. In spite of the advances in the production and research in the agricultural field., approximately, 1 billion population are in acute need of food, insecurity of food is global cause for agony. (Girard et al. 2012). Strength: More information and data are required for forecasting the climatic changes. This would be beneficial to the food industry and help them cope with the difficulties that are likely to be encountered under unfavorable conditions. Weakness: Agriculture creates a great stress on soil, water, atmosphere and biodiversity. If the current scenario persists then this would lead to more exaggeration on the natural sources. The limitations are the yield rate of the products. Hypothesis: Strategic approach towards improving the production rate and accessibility of the food universally to all classes of the society is necessary for further development. Conclusion: Climate changes play an important role in agriculture, by adopting proper measures the production and yield can be increased to fulfill the requirements of the consumers and food insecurity can be eliminated. The business will grow financially with increase in production and yield of the organic products and will be able to meet the market demands. Conclusion Australia was ranked as the highest state containing agricultural land. Moreover, it was estimated as one of the potential market of the world in organic products (Willer and Lernoud 2013). There has been a huge transformation in non-organic product consumers and an increase in purchase rates of organic products has been reported (Ferguson, Pinnuck and Skinner 2014). Agriculture is highly sensitive to changes in climatic conditions. Climate has a major impact on crop production. This affects the livestock and health. It also creates an alteration in the pattern and balance of the food and food products trade. It is important to consider sustainable technique as an important tool for production of crops. The benefits of organic farming must be understood from the perspective of social, economic and environmental backdrop. An accurate step towards increasing the production of the organic food products will help framing proper supply channels of the products and also ensure that the prices are kept reasonable. Eventually, there will be high demand that could be met adequately. It is highly crucial to create awareness and enlightenment among the people regarding the organic product consumption and ill effects of the food items containing artificial harmful chemicals and adulterants. This would help in maintaining the ecosystem and safeguard our planet from further depletion. Hence, the Business Capstone project will be able to meet the market demand. Reference: Alexandratos, N. and Bruinsma, J., 2012.World agriculture towards 2030/2050: the 2012 revision(No. 12-03, p. 4). Rome, FAO: ESA Working paper. Carolan, M., 2016.The sociology of food and agriculture. Routledge. Cordell, D. and White, S., 2013. Sustainable phosphorus measures: strategies and technologies for achieving phosphorus security.Agronomy,3(1). Dias, V.D.V., Schultz, G., Schuster, M.D.S., Talamini, E. and Rvillion, J.P., 2015. The organic food market: a quantitative and qualitative overview of international publications.Ambiente Sociedade,18(1). Dibden, J., Gibbs, D. and Cocklin, C., 2013. Framing GM crops as a food security solution.Journal of Rural Studies,29. Ferguson, C., Pinnuck, M. and Skinner, D.J., 2014. The evolution of audit market structure and the emergence of the Big 4: Evidence from Australia.Chicago Booth Research Paper. Girard, A.W., Self, J.L., McAuliffe, C. and Olude, O., 2012. The effects of household food production strategies on the health and nutrition outcomes of women and young children: a systematic review.Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology,26(s1). Hines, T., 2014.Supply chain strategies: demand driven and customer focused. Routledge. Lee, H.J. and Yun, Z.S., 2015. Consumers perceptions of organic food attributes and cognitive and affective attitudes as determinants of their purchase intentions toward organic food.Food quality and preference,39. Mitchell, E.W.A., 2012. Organic Farming in Australia1.the world of organic agriculture. Ponisio, L.C., M'Gonigle, L.K., Mace, K.C., Palomino, J., de Valpine, P. and Kremen, C., 2015, January. Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap. InProc. R. Soc. B(Vol. 282, No. 1799, p. 20141396). The Royal Society. Seufert, V., Ramankutty, N. and Foley, J.A., 2012. Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture.Nature,485(7397). Shafie, F.A. and Rennie, D., 2012. Consumer perceptions towards organic food.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,49. Teng, C.C. and Wang, Y.M., 2015. Decisional factors driving organic food consumption: generation of consumer purchase intentions.British Food Journal,117(3), pp.1066-1081. Wheeler, T. and Von Braun, J., 2013. Climate change impacts on global food security.Science,341(6145). Willer, H. and Lernoud, J., 2013. Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Key results from the FiBL-IFOAM survey on organic agriculture worldwide 2013. Slide collection. Willer, H., Lernoud, J. and Schlatter, B., 2014. Current statistics on organic agriculture worldwide: Organic area, producers and market.The World of organic agriculture. Statistics and emerging trends. www.austorganic.com, 2016. Available at: https://austorganic.com/ao-market-report/.....Australian organic market report [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. www.marketwired.com, 2016. Available at: https://www.marketwired.com/press-release/organic-food-beverage-market-size-projected-reach-21144-billion-2020-grand-view-research-2127306.htm [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. www.unctad.org, 2016. Trade and Development Report, 2013. [online] Available at: https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tdr2013_en.pdf [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016].

Pat Murphy Sheehy source of inspiration Essay Example For Students

Pat Murphy Sheehy: source of inspiration Essay Washington, D.C. is overrun with two things every summer: mosquitoes and theatre. The cause of the former is the swampland on which our nations capital rests. The latter owes its existence to a kinder, gentler Source the Source Theatre Company, that is. In a city whose idea of drama is a filibuster on the Senate floor, the Sources annual Washington Theatre Festival has helped nourish a vibrant homegrown theatre community. Over the past 14 seasons, the festival has become a delivery room for new work, which would make the companys producing artistic director Pat Murphy Sheehy a midwife of sorts. The festival encompasses some 40 to 50 original works over a 10-to-12-week span, setting a force of more than 100 local actors, directors, designers and stage managers into action. Why do they do it? The challenge, offers Sheehy. There is something special about a situation that forces you to deal with the bare bones of what theatre is communicating. You rediscover that imagination is the key thing. The productions, ranging from full-scale to script-in-hand readings, are mounted in a whirlwind race against time and money. Intrepid artists find themselves faced with questions such as: How can one pull off a drama about six Southern women spanning 50 years, three generations and numerous exotic locales, with a few chairs, two actors and one pair of tights in the parlor of an embassy.? When Sheehy brought a production to the Edinburgh Festival a few years ago, she was amazed by the way that festival seemed to take over the city (You couldnt open a public telephone booth without a production going on inside, she avows), and she took the lesson to heart. Since then, the Washington festival has incorporated public buildings, bookstores, clubs and museums as venues. This year, for example, an evening of plays based on Joan of Arc will be presented at the French embassy. If Sheehy has her way, it may soon be open season on Metro stations. Seamless resilience   Few are the Washington-based artists who have not cut their theatrical teeth in a festival production. Recent alumni include D.C.-based playwrights Ernest Joselovitz, T.J. Edwards, Oni Faida Lampley, Lucy Tom Lehrer, Allyson Curnin, Judlyne A. Lilly and Gary Bonasorte. When Sheehy accepted her 1993 Washington Post Award for Distinguished Community Service, she asked those who had participated in a festival to stand and accept the award with her. The handful of people left in their seats applauded. The challenge of finding, nurturing and sustaining new work and talent has always been the focus of Sources mission. What Ive tried to do with to do with Source, explains Sheehy, who assumed artistic leadership of the theatre in 1987, is provide some kind of artistically challenging and supportive place, so that the artist has the chance to work his or her way upso that theres a progression. Creating a supportive environment, however, has not always been easy. When I took over the theatre, my goal was to slowly put the theatre on solid financial ground, because you cant try new things unless youre stable, says Sheehy. Over the past six seasons, she has consolidated the Source into a single company-owned space and maintained a stable, if modest, $400,000 budget. We had been somewhat recession-proof in D.C., Sheehy reasons, since the citys industries are mainly government and tourism. But we are seeing the recession now. This past year was the most difficult I can remember. The economy notwithstanding, there is an optimism about Sheehy which suggests seamless resilience. You cant let yourself get worn down by the challenge of raising money, she asserts. I have to work against synthesizing everything down to that problem, because its a constant with theatres. You have to rise above that and stay focused on the work. .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .postImageUrl , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:hover , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:visited , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:active { border:0!important; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:active , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A public life EssayOne senses that if she had her druthers, Sheehy would move the festival into more inner-city neighborhoods, or search out and produce more new works that address volatile social issues, like the production she directed last September of Kevin Heelans Distant Fires, about a racial conflict in nearby Ocean City, Md. Yet the impulses of Sheehy the artist are tempered with the pragmatism of the producer: I dont know how many tickets that kind of committed work sells, she concedes, and sometimes you have to think about that. Wife and mother and artist   This combination of idealism and pragmatism stems from what she describes as a discrepancy in her personality. I was all these things you werent supposed to be if you were an artist. I had this side of me that was very organized and concerned with the community and the big picture, which didnt at all fit into the stereotype I grew up with of what an artist was. I guess I had to give myself permission to do all the things I wanted to do like be a wife and mother and artist and organized. Permission manifests itself in involvement: Having served as president of the League of Washington Theatres, chairman of the D.C. Commission on the Arts, and on numerous mayoral task forces, her affiliations extend beyond arts advocacy to such areas as neighborhood development and the restoration of historic theatres. Sheehy likes having this much activity on her plate and seems to thrive on it. Politics and theatre are a hand-and-glove fit in my life. I guess its reflective of what I do at Source a culmination, striving to find a whole picture of myself.

Hachiko - Reaction Paper free essay sample

As soon as I began watching the film, I realized that it is an American re-telling. It’s set in the U. S. , and all the characters are typical Americans. I guess that’s not important. Love and devotion transcend international boundaries and cultural differences, since the real setting is Japan. Gere plays a college professor who finds a lost puppy wondering around a train station. When he can’t find the pup’s owner, he winds up keeping the dog. The professor’s Japanese pal identifies the puppy as an Akita and explains pertinent facts about the breed. He also suggests a name for the pooch – Hachiko, or Hachi, for short. Hachi and the  professor form an extremely strong bond. Every morning, Hachi walks to the terminal with its owner, and every afternoon at five, the dog returns to wait for the professor. One day the professor doesn’t return from work. We will write a custom essay sample on Hachiko Reaction Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hachi waits for hours, until the professor’s daughter comes to take it home. Every day for ten long years, Hachi returns to the station in anticipation of its master’s arrival at the train station. Vendors and employees at the terminal feed Hachi, but the dog never accepts another master. Hachi finally dies at the terminal, still waiting for his beloved master. My daughter told me to have some Kleenex on hand for the flick, but I scoffed at her warning. I knew the story, so I didn’t think I would cry. Actually, I was somewhat disappointed with the first part of the movie. It was pretty slow in places, and I guess I wanted to see more interaction between man and dog. The ending, however, took me by surprise. It ended the way I knew it would, but the way the movie handled it was extremely poignant. It wasn’t so much sad as it was touching, in a bittersweet sort of way. I think one problem with the film is how it will affect the viewing public. It portrays Akitas as big loveable teddy bears, even to total strangers. The typical Akita isn’t like this. Most are very wary of strangers and are generally one-person dogs. Even though Hachi remains loyal to the professor in the movie, he allows complete strangers to pet and hug him – atypical of most Akitas I’ve known. The fear is that this movie will start an â€Å"Akita fad. † Uninformed dog enthusiasts will run out and buy an Akita, thinking it will grow up to be just like Hachiko. They buy a cuddly ball of fur and are taken by surprise when it matures into an alpha dog with an attitude. When they discover that they have a powerful, dominant dog, it might end up in a shelter or rescue, as many Akitas do. Im not saying that Akitas are a bad breed. For the right owner, they make wonderful pets and companions and are extremely loyal and protective. They need an owner who has some experience with dog handling and dog training, however. My advice is to watch the film and admire Hachi’s undying loyalty, and then go home and pat your Lab on the head.

How to Avoid Biting Mites (Chiggers)

How to Avoid Biting Mites (Chiggers) Just the mention of chiggers is enough to make any outdoors-loving person tremble in fear. These tiny bugs can be difficult to see when theyre on you, but once youve suffered chigger bites, youll never forget them. Chigger bites are so itchy, they make grown men cry. So what are chiggers, and where do they live? Chiggers Are the Larvae of Mites Chiggers are nothing more than young mites, specifically the parasitic larvae of mites in the genus Trombicula. Mites belong to the class Arachnida, along with ticks and spiders. Like other arachnids, chigger mites go through four developmental stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. Nymphs and adults have four pairs of legs, while the larvae have just three pairs. Unfortunately for us, three pairs of legs are all they need to catch us and make our lives miserable. The Chigger Life Cycle Its important to know that adult mites and nymphs dont bother people at all. They feed on small organisms (including insects) they find on decaying plant matter, as well as on insect eggs. Ecologically speaking, they can be considered beneficial organisms for their role feeding on other potential pests. Adult chigger mites spend the winter in the soil, under leaf litter, or in other protected places. When soil temperatures warm up in the spring, the females deposit eggs on vegetation, most often in areas where its slightly damp and the vegetation is thick. When the eggs hatch, the trouble begins. Hungry larvae crawl up the vegetation and wait for unsuspecting hosts – people, pets, or other wildlife – to wander past. Should you brush against chigger-infested vegetation, or worse, sit down to rest in shady grass full of chiggers, the tiny bugs will immediately crawl up your body, looking for a place to hide. Because chiggers measure just 1⠁„150 inch in diameter, theyre so tiny, you are unlikely to see or feel them. Backpackers, beware! If you drop your pack on the ground during a rest break, check it for chiggers before putting it back on.   Why and Where Chiggers Bite Chiggers like to settle under tight-fitting clothing, so theyll often wind up in your socks or waistband. Other favorite chigger feasting spots include the backs of your knees, your armpits, or your crotch. Once the chiggers find a good location on your body, they pierce your skin with their mouthparts and inject you with a digestive enzyme that breaks down your body tissues. Chiggers then feed on your liquefied tissues. They dont suck your blood, like mosquitoes or ticks. The chigger  remains attached to its host for several days, feeding on dissolved tissues. Once it has an adequate meal, it detaches and drops to the ground, where it continues its development into a nymph. For most people, however, the intense itching caused by the chigger bite leads to equally intense scratching, and the chigger is dislodged by frantic fingers before finishing its meal.   Avoiding Chigger Bites If youve never experienced chigger bites, consider yourself lucky and take every precaution to avoid them. To avoid chigger bites, follow three basic rules: Dress appropriately and use effective repellents when youre likely to be in potential chigger habitat.Avoid walking through chigger habitat whenever possible, and eliminate places where chiggers can breed from your property.Wash your clothing and take a shower immediately after outdoor activities where you might have encountered chiggers.

Instruction Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Instruction Memo - Essay Example The memo does not sufficiently tell why the action was considered valid in the first place. 2. The memo fails to mention the basis on which Amazon Services was actually selected. In most cases, such services require someone who has far-reaching knowledge of the vessel and must have provided similar in the recent past or offered the opportunity under competitive procedures. 3. A clear statement of any clearances as well as approvals received for the procurement action considered unauthorized, including the names and titles of the people who ratified the contract. In this case, none of these statements is provided or directions indicating that it is attached. In this case, nothing is actually mentioned, so it leaves people quizzing who actually was aware or who sanctioned the procurement action. In fact, what comes out looks like the author also participated in the process only to rescind upon realizing it would cost a lot. a. On Thursday, July 20, 2010 research vessel suffered a shattering failure to the starboard diesel engine and associated running gear. The starboard main engine overheated causing damage to the associated running gear; shaft, propeller, bearings and rudders. This failure rendered the vessel unable to operate in a safe manner and emergency repairs were required. b. Operations Coordinator determined that emergency drydock repairs were necessary and contracted Amazon Services. The vessel was safely stored for the weekend since the work would not commence until Monday, July 24, 2010 to surmise the extent of the damages and give an estimate for repair. c. A contracted captain for the vessel was appointed to oversee the repair in my absence. However, upon further inspection of the vessel, we discovered that the amount that has been agreed is too

Busniess communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Busniess communication - Essay Example More importantly, however, women who are better educated have a better chance of supporting themselves and not relying on sex (either through prostitution or more informal relationships where one person supports the other in exchange for sexual favors). In fact, the ratio of girls to boys in elementary and secondary school in a country correlate incredibly highly with the prevalence of AIDS: in Chad and the Central African republic, for instance, only 4 girls are in school for every ten boys, and the AIDS rate is among the highest in the continent. Mouritania, however, with 20% better education numbers, is having the first steps of containing its AIDS outbreak (World Bank). In America, the ratio of girls to boys in education is actually higher than one because of better female attendance at the post-secondary level, and when this statistic is compared to the best countries in Africa, which have ratios of .6:1, it’s clear why Africa is

The Bolivian Election Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Bolivian Election - Research Paper Example NGOs in emerging democracies are typically funded by non-governmental outsides sources, such as foreign aid or private donors. However, it is possible for an NGO to be partially or even fully government funded. It is important to note that Bolivia became a democratically elected government in 1982. In the first stages of its democracy Bolivia had a very centralized national government, and along with it came much corruption and a general unhappiness of its citizens with democracy. However, in 1994 much of the central power devolved to the local municipalities including the appropriations of funds. This act is known as the Law of Popular Participation. During these times NGOs preformed a vital role in the cross over to the new system. They were often consulted in planning, helped with organization, and educated citizens about the new system (Boulding 461). The article sets out to examine how NGOs can effect political participation in emerging or weak democracies. (Boulding 456) states that NGOs can promote political activity of a country by providing resources, and by making available opportunities for association. When an NGO provides resources to a community, they have the ability to make citizen political participation easier. ... "NGOs, whether they are providing small business training, lobbying for women’s' or indigenous rights, providing health care, or building houses, all involve local interaction between NGO workers, neighbors, and others in the community. By spending time together, talking, and working toward a common project, people (Boulding 456). As evidenced in the previous elections, Bolivia often experience violent elections dating back to 1980s when the country was identified to be politically emotional due to poor leadership and the desire of the incumbent government to rig elections causing uncalled for animosity in the country. The huge funds donated by Europe and the United States since 1980s for the sole purpose of strengthening democracy for instance; through promoting the involvement of civil society in ensuring that peaceful election process. The fruitless efforts necessitated the desire to act on the issues which lead to post election violence so that the problem could be solved permanently through embracing peace and reconciliation (Boulding 456). However, in order to determine the best solution on the same, research had to be carried out to determine the cause and corresponding results of post election violence so that a common objective would be set to avert the post election violence since it had been a routine in the country. However, to ascertain the consequences of post election violence, research process should be continuous since all research outcomes had not achieved perfect solution. Electorates and the corresponding leadership require periodic research processes which corresponds to the current research study (Boulding 459). In the Bolivian history, myriad research processes had

The Impact Of Digital Media On Ebay Information Technology Essay

The Impact Of Digital Media On Ebay Information Technology Essay eBay is known all over the world as the leading online Marketplace which came in to life in 1995,eBay Inc, was founded by Pierre M. Omidyarand its headquartered in San Jose, California, TM (2002). eBay created a special platform for the sales of goods and services by a passionate village of individuals and business. On days there are millions of items across thousand of categories for sale on eBay just like Half.com, eBays site dedicated to fixed price trading. eBay allows trade on a Local, National and International basis, with customize site in marketing all over the world. eBay, together with its sub-visions, bring online marketplaces for the sale of goods and services, online payment services, and online communication offerings to a diverse community of individual and business in the USA and Internationally. The company operates in three Intentions: eBay Marketplace, Payments, and Communications. The eBay Marketplaces: This platform provides infrastructure to enable online commerce in a variety of formats, including the traditional auction platform; and its other online platforms, such as Rent.com, Shopping.com, Kijiji, mobile.de, and Marktplaats.nl. Its services include trust and safety programs, reply forum, safe chanel program, eBay standard purchase protection program, customer support, tools and services. The Payments segment: Feeds a product for small businesses, online sellers, and individuals that enables them to send and receive payments online. Its services include joining the network, crosscheck of its PayPals account holders, withdrawing funds. The Communications segment: provide voice over Internet protocol calls between Skype subscribers, also provides connectivity to traditional fixed-line and handheld telephones. The company also provide online apartment rental services and comparison shopping resource service, as well as provides an Internet payment platform that allows merchants to process, and manage online payments. 2. MISSION STATEMENT OBJECTIVE eBay pioneers communities built on commerce, sustained by trust, and inspired by opportunity. eBay brings together millions of people every day on a local, national and international basis through variety of websites that focus on commerce, payments and communication. This has also help the company in various ways between their numerous customers worldwide. They have engaged in the method stated below. A Place to Buy. You can get almost anything item you need or want at very low deal better than you can find at any traditional brick and mortar, even online stores. But caution should be taken because of rotten or fake items deals on eBay. A Place to Sell. No matter the size of our product or services, eBay has various categories channels to sell items. eBays global reach can even move unusual items that are not in demand in our own neighborhood in to cash. A Place to Shop. Large variety of items can be found for sale on eBay, many members have discovered that eBay is one of the best place in the world to window or comparison shop. These items include photos, detailed descriptions, and owner experiences. Because you see lots of the same items side by side in various conditions and know what each one sold or selling for, eBay gives you insight into the real market value of most types of goods around the globe. A Website: With no physical building eBay store, Founded in San Jose but now carry out daily activities from various cities, eBays service exist basically online apart from the delivery of bought and sold items every other network of the business are handled through eBay website. Socially Responsible: eBay with its B2C way of handling business has lower the barriers to buying and selling, these bring a massive global awareness to it business. It also fosters new economic opportunities to developing areas and brings cultural understanding between different populations. This has made eBay one of the worlds most interesting and exciting trans-national ambassadors. 3. THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL MEDIA ON EBAY eBay is a cutting edge in commence by selling almost everything be it of what nature with its presence in every corners of the globe with no physical store, with limited staffs but satisfy it numerous customer worldwide. But how is this possible? Social Media Marketing: Recent addition to organizations plans. Integrated marketing communications is a practice organization follow to connect with their target markets. Integrated marketing communications coordinates promotional elements, advertising, personnel selling, public relations, publicity, direct marketing and sale promotion. Increasingly viral marketing campaigns are also grouped into integrated marketing communications for eBay. The growth of social media has impacted the way organizations communicate, the internet provide set of idea which enable persons to develop social and business platform, share knowhow and collaborate on project online. Cell Phones: Usage has also become a benefit for eBay media marketing. Today many cell phones have social networking capabilities, individuals are notified of any happenings on social networking  sites through their cell phones in real-time. This constant connection to social networking sites means products and companies can constantly remind and update followers about their capabilities, uses, importance, etc. Since cell phones are connected to social networking sites, advertisements are always in sight. Computers: The use of computer has come to stay in our daily life be it at home, offices, school, this is one of the basic tools used by eMarketers worldwide, eBay uses the help of computer since they dont physical store to carry out their daily business and this is done by logging into their website by typing in the URL address with an access from ISP provider. Once logged in, you see various categorizes of product, prices, description of items and options of payment of items bought. Buying of items online and shipping to every part of the globe is an everyday activity at just by the use of a computer, Newsweek (2004) Internet Marketing: eBay use the internet known as digital marketing, web marketing, and online marketing is the marketing product and services over the internet. Internet marketing is considered to be broad in scope because it not only refers to marketing on the Internet, but also includes marketing done via e-mail and wireless  media. Digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management systems are also often grouped together under internet marketing. This market joins the vast idea and technical background of the Internet, including design, development, advertising, and sales.  Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along many different stages of the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing on specific websites. 3.1 THE USE OF THE INTERNET BY eBay The internet as change the landscape of the world in every way things are done in every way things are done globally. Never before have people been able to interact in such a cost effective and comfortable way. The business world as seen a better new of doing its daily activity, business now are done in very short span of time even without the presence of both party at the same place or time. Now it is possible for you to establish your own company with a very small financial investment or in some cases even without any start-up capital. eBay use the internet in carrying of its daily business to meet target market and satisfy its customer at a very low cost and maximizing profit. Information: People worldwide are using the internet on a regular basis, with email and search engines as the most popular services. Information is power. People are able to influence, direct, convince, educate and manipulate others through one single tool: The distribution of information. Email and discussion forums allow people to share their thoughts, ideas and experiences with other people from all corners of the world. Within a relatively short period of time the Internet and its communication channels will be part of our daily lives as are running water and electricity. Cost Effectiveness: The internet is by far the most effective communication tool. If you want to send a letter via conventional or so-called slow mail, it will cost at least around $1 assuming you restrict yourself to two single sheets of paper. Sending the same amount of information via email will be up to 100 times cheaper with immediate delivery. In addition to this, email with its numbers of advantages over the slow mailing system of delivery of messages, sending and get a reply on the spot. Online Auction: In this massive marketplace, eBay rules the auction sites. According to the Nelison Rating, eBay is among the top ten most trafficked sites on the internet. eBay leads the online auction industry with a more than 60 percent share of the market, its closest competitors, Yahoo! Auctions, is only half its size followed by Amazon.com, all these are done with the help of the internet and makes eBay smile to the bank on daily basis. Low Cost Operation: Running business requires tons of capital no matter the size of the outfit, the business has to pay for rental shops, offices, motor vehicle, staffs, before it can think of making its profit which is the primary idea of the business, but doing online business you cut down your expenses to a very little amount of capital and that is the edge eBay is use to run its operations and has really help the business since it does not have physical presence anywhere, it does its business around the globe and sell lots of items to its customers worldwide. The internet helps eBay in an immeasurable way of cutting down cuts of operations and get to all part of the world without even being there in presence. 4. INTERNET AS A MARKETING PUBLIC RELATIONS TOOLS Public relations is defined as a management function which identifies, establishes and maintains mutually beneficial  relationships between an organization and the public upon which its success or failure depends. Whereas advertising is a  one-way communication from sender to the receiver, public relations considers multiple audiences and uses two way communication to monitor feedback and adjust both its messages and the organizations actions maximum benefit. The internet is used as a tool in Public Relations and has replaced the use of paper form of notifications and is carried out in method stated below. Tweeter: Social media is a great way to have a conversation with your market and manage connections with prospects, customer, bloggers. Even if you dont join Twitter you can monitor what people are saying company, trends, friends and products. This is quite useful from a marketing and PR standpoint. Tweeter has a search engine that let you post any information and can be linked to eBays platform. Facebook: Business firms states their URLs on cable Tv commercials, were friends and followers can join them on Facebook. This is sharp method way of internet PR, youre a startup entrepreneur, you could start a group to help entrepreneurs connect and exchange ideas. Search to make sure one doesnt exist already in your area. Your friends on your facebook will have first hand information of what is happening around you and your business and will also pass to from friends to friends if even they are not yours. eBay is linked to facebook which acts as an indirect form of PR, Instant message could also take form by chatting on both platform. Email: This is the fastest, stress less and cheapest form of PR and e-marketing with the use of the internet, when searching for information or to joint an organization like eBay, Amazon you go through a process of filling and providing certain information about yourself and your preference requirement, all these information is kept in their database and at the end you provide your e-mail. The organizations use their database information to communicate with you, through this medium you are updated with the latest information relating to previous request. As you change your preference change it is also updated in their database. eBay use this form of PR to promote their product to you and information is sent to you in respect of delivery of the item you paid for. Website Feedback: Various website use a page known as website feedback as a form PR tool to give a comments, complain or report on your experience you may have after buying a product or trial of certain items in other for them to know how their customer feel about product bought from them. 5. EBAY SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGHT: The Company use the advantage of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Both parties (Buyers and Sellers) subscribe with the company and information needed by eBay on dealers. This is known as Business2Consumer (B2C) of their business. With the strong customer and dealer relationships are based on Consumer2Consumer (C2C) business platform, where good business relationships occurs, where buyers and sellers interchange feedback for each other for the next transaction to take place. WEAKNESSES: Organizations works painfully to limit fraud. eBay platform of business is very open to fraudulent activities. But the company act with the issue very quickly. These includes inferior goods being marketed to unknown and suspecting eBayers. Other forms of theft could include redirection of stolen goods. Make it known that fraud and theft are problems with outsiders not eBay. The weakness is that mischievous individuals can exploit the C2C business platform. Many companies, systems breakdowns could disturb the trading transaction of eBay on daily bases. eBay and Paypal have suffered shutdowns and total breakdown. As technology improves for the better weakness will be less an issue. OPPORTUNITIES: Acquisitions bring new business strategy openings. eBay has into agreement to buy off online telephone company Skype Technologies with a deal reported of about worth $2.6 billion. PC users use Skype to have conversation with each other for no charges and make cut-price calls to handheld cell-phones and fixed landlines once you have subscribe to the services. This will bring in more customers to the business and also make profit to continue to grow. THRATS: The world Internet brands, success attract competition. Overseas competitors competing in their home markets have the technical experience that could give them a stronger advantage over eBay. It came to the notice of eBay that it has met with other USA home Internet providers when trading in other international country. Yahoo! stand out in the Asian market. Doing the same market is a threat, just like weaknesses stated above, the name is attacked by mischievous individuals. When e-mail sent to unknown eBayers disguards to come from eBay. Logos, and design of the pages looks just the same. However they are designed so that you input private information that the thieves can use to accesses to passwords and identifications. Not all costs can controlled by eBay, example shipping charges and credit card charges. With fuel prices to rise, the customer suffers the increment of delivery and postal charges. This affect the total cost of auctioned items very expensive. When provider of credit card merchants like Visa or Master-card decide a charge for online business transaction the total cost of the same items would increase with a negative effects on the final customer of the product and will make eBay loose some of its future consumer and will affect the profit and share value of the company. 6. CONCLUSION EBay is well aware that in order for the company to maintain its competitive advantage and make it sustainable in the long run, the company must take advantage of the changes at the corporate, organizational and business levels. EBay embraces the five building blocks which are applied randomly throughout eBays history: improvisation, co-adaption, regeneration, experimentation and time pacing as evident by the strategies discussed. The company also embraces the 10 principles of competing on the edge about strategy, organization and leadership. With all hands on deck EBay can go further if the managing, marketing department embrace more with its IT department by merging with more social media platform not just their website because social website break more distance with communities of friends of my friends. Security department should work more bringing down the risk of internet fraud, this is one area of online business transaction that turn people away from buying online, because nobody wants to their money to end up on the place after paying for an item or product.

Buy a Bride :: Marriage History Papers

Buy a Bride In the mid-eighteen hundreds the first waves of Americans began heading west. They were in search of the American dream; their chance to live happily ever after. This first wave of settlers was for the most part, composed of miners looking to strike it rich. They exploited the mineral resources all over the west, wherever gold was found; the most famous places were in California, Colorado, and the Dakotas. The brave and adventurous men streamed over the continent in wagon trains or around it in ships in order to reach the west coast. Towns sprang up around the different places where gold had been found as well as around places for ships to dock. The next wave of people to head west was the ranchers. They needed land and western land was far cheaper than land in the east. The ever growing cities in the east needed an ever increasing supply of food and the cattle found on the western plains proved a good and profitable solution. Shortly after the ranchers the farmers came looking for land. The land in the east was worn out from over cultivation, in stark contrast the western land was rich and virtually untouched, not to mention cheaper. The west was a new and promising land with endless possibilities. (Summitt) Despite the promise and possibilities there were a few minor problems. One such problem was that the vast majority of the settlers were men. "Men from the eastern states, Canada, and Europe often preceded the women, and then found themselves longing for feminine companionship." (Yalom 226) Population imbalances, combined with geographical isolation and physical distance, often made men frantic to find wives from among the few single Anglo women living in their region of the west. Unfortunately, interracial marriages were not looked upon favorably by the population at large, so even men who had taken Indian brides were looking for women of European decent (15) In some places the problem was worse than in others. In the Washington Territory it has been estimated that the ratio of men to women, regardless of marital status, as high as 9:1 and that there were at least two thousand men in the Territory that wished to get married (Holbrook 47). This problem was not a simple one to remedy. Men who had enough money traveled east and brought back a wife, but the vast majority of the populous did not have the capital needed to make such a journey possible.

National Security

National Security: How Working Without Warrants Puts Us At Risk Samantha Schmidt English 112-L04 April 19, 2012 National Security: How Working Without Warrants Puts Us at Risk After 9/11, the whole country was sent into a tailspin. The fact that the United States, one of the most powerful countries worldwide, had suffered such a blow was mind blowing. The people were terrified. So too insure that a tragedy of that magnitude never happened again, the government put into place many new precautions.The most noticeable precaution would of course be the security in airports. What used to be a fast and simple process became a long, intrusive, uncomfortable experience. However, the biggest change is almost undetectable. To prevent another terrorist attack the National Security Agency (NSA) was given the ability to place individuals under surveillance. That means watching their emails, internet searches, and even listening in on phone conversations.In the beginning it was understood that the NSA would have to obtain warrants before placing individuals under surveillance, but as time passed it became apparent that the NSA often skipped the warrant process. If the NSA has the correct amount of evidence to give them probable cause against a suspect then they should be obtaining warrants. The National Security Agency has been providing important information to the US Military and major US decision makers since 1972. The NSA is responsible for a very large amount of information passed down the lines.The agency also enables Network Warfare operations in order to defeat terrorist organization foreign, and domestic. (National Security Agency, 2011) A warrant is a piece of paper giving law enforcement the ability to search, and seize items or information when probable cause has been presented (Search, 2010). When obtaining warrants, law enforcement must show enough evidence to prove that they have good reason to be interested in this certain individual. When one bypasses the ob taining of a warrant, they are endangering any chance of a conviction.Once a case gets to court, if it is discovered that the law enforcement agents acted without a warrant the case can be dismissed. If a terrorist is found, and brought to trial the evidence will be heavily examined, and the topic of warrants will come up. Once it is revealed that evidence was acquired without a warrant, the case can either be dismissed or the defendant could be found not guilty. Then due to Double Jeopardy, that same suspect cannot be tried again under the same charges. So proceeding in an investigation without a warrant can lead to letting a dangerous terrorist back into the public.In 2010, Federal Judge Vaughn R. Walker, ruled against the government stating they had violated a 1978 federal statute requiring court approval for domestic surveillance, when in 2004 they intercepted a message between a now-defunct Islamic charity, two of its lawyers, and Al Haramain. Judge Walker, Chief Judge of the F ederal District Court in San Francisco, ruled that the government was going to be held liable and would pay the plaintiffs for having been â€Å"subjected to unlawful surveillance. Judge Walker further displayed his objection to FISA’s action by stating it had â€Å"Obvious Potential for governmental abuse and over reaching† This was not the first time a specific wiretapping incident had been considered illegal. In 2006 Federal Judge Anna Diggs Taylor’s ruling of an illegal ruling was reversed on the grounds that the plaintiffs could not prove they were under surveillance, and therefore lacked the legal standing to sue. (Risen & Savage, 2010). Even when the NSA obtained warrants, they were often procured under spotty methods.In his 2006 essay; Big Brother Is Listening, James Bamford points out the flaws of the NSA’s warrant process. He gives the account of Jonathon Turley, a George Washington University Law professor who was employed by the NSA as a youn g intern. The FISA (Foreign Intelligence surveillance court), courtroom was hidden away on the top floor of the of the Justice Department Building (because even the location is supposed to be secret), is actually a heavily protected, windowless, bug-proof installation known as a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility or SCIF.Turley recounted â€Å"I was shocked with what I saw. I was convinced that the judge is that SCIF would have signed anything that we put in front of him. And I wasn’t entirely sure that he had actually red what they put in front of him. But I remember going back to my supervisor at NSA and saying, ‘That place scares the daylights out of me. ’† The idea of judges signing warrant requests when they have not even read them and therefore, do not understand them is quite worrisome.When a judge signs a warrant, they must read to see if there is enough legal grounds to approve it. By signing without reading, a judge is giving the ok to watch these people having no idea if there was probable cause or sustainable evidence. When a judge is presented with a warrant application, they should have to read that application in its entirety. They should have to know that there is proof without a reasonable doubt that this person should be put under surveillance.They should fully understand the details and evidence of the case, and then decide if surveillance is really necessary. More important though, the NSA should always get a warrant before placing an individual under surveillance. Not only to protect our privacy, but to make sure the charges stand up in court. Even though the NSA is a government agency, they cannot bypass the rules of investigation. References Bamford, J. (2006). Big brother is listening. White F. D. , & Simone J. B.The well-crafted argument. (406-415) Boston, Ma: Wadsworth. National Security Agency. (2011). Retrieved April 18, 2012, from www. nsa. gov/about/index. shtml Risen J. , & Savage C. (2010, Ma rch 31). Federal judge finds NSA wiretaps were illegal. The New York Times. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from www. nytimes. com/2012/04/01/us/01nsa. html Search Warrants: An Overview. (2010). Cornell University Law School. Retrieved April, 17, 2012, from www. law. cornell. edu/wex/search_warrant

Sultan Selim III essays

Sultan Selim III essays I am Selim III, one of the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. I am a successor of my father, Mustafa III. I have eleven wives but had no children. During my reign of eighteen years, I experienced victories, but also suffered many severe defeats. I came to throne during the war with Austria and Russia and created the Turkish army, navy and infantry units. I was imprisoned by those who opposed my reformation and I was killed soon after I was dethroned. I have led the Ottoman Empire with fair and justice. I was born in Istanbul on 24th of December, 1761. I was the son of Sultan Mustafa III and Mihrisah Sultana. Soon after I was born, my father died leaving me as his successor. Since I was much too young to be a sultan, my uncle, Abdulhamid I, ascended the throne in place of my father. He took good care of me and put great emphasis on my education. I grew up becoming very well educated. After my uncles death, I was enthroned on 7th April, 1789 in my 28th year. I am a very religious and I consider myself as a patriotic young man. I was fond of literature and calligraphy. My work was put on the walls of mosques and convents. People think I am a talented poet, musician and a composer. I also speak Arabic and Persian fluently. My people respect me and they are hopeful about my administrations. As a modern man and reformist ruler, I attempted to reform and modernise the Empire. I have led many of his armed forces in battles and wars. I suffer severe defeats in the second Russo-Turkish Wars with Catherine II, but I suffered no major territorial losses when peace was made at Jassy in 1792. As a keen and reformist ruler, I set out to rebuild the Turkish navy on European lines and to reform the army. In 1798, I joined the second coalition against France in the French Revolutionary Wars. Turkish forces lost Jaffa to Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon had invaded Syria in 1799 and took over Egypt, but I forced Napoleon to retreat. In 1806 wa ...

15 Positions and Their Variations

15 Positions and Their Variations 15 Positions and Their Variations 15 Positions and Their Variations By Mark Nichol Position, as a verb meaning â€Å"set† or â€Å"place† and as a noun referring to the attitude or location in which something is set or placed, is derived from the Latin verb ponere, as are a number of terms using that word as a base to form new meanings revealed more or less transparently by their prefixes. A list of these verbs and nouns, as well as a few related adjectives, plus simple definitions and their literal meanings for each word, are included here. appose: put near (â€Å"set near†) apposite: appropriate, well placed (â€Å"set near†) apposition: noun or noun phrases with the same meaning set adjacent to each other, or that relationship; also, proximity, or the deposition of layers (â€Å"something set near†) compose: create (â€Å"set with†) composer: a creator (â€Å"one who sets with†) composite: made of different parts (â€Å"set with†) composition: a creation (â€Å"something set with†) decompose: disintegrate (â€Å"removing something from being set with†) decomposition: disintegration (â€Å"something removed from being set with†) depose and deposit: put down (â€Å"remove from being set†) deposit and deposition: something put down (â€Å"something removed from being set†) dispose: put away (â€Å"set away†) disposal and disposition: the act of putting something away; disposition also refers to an attitude, mood, or tendency (â€Å"something set away†) expose: show (â€Å"set out†) exposition: something shown (â€Å"something set out†) expository: shown (set out†) impose: place pressure on someone (â€Å"set on†) imposition: pressure placed on someone (â€Å"something set on†) interpose: interrupt or place between (â€Å"set between†) interposition: interruption or placement between (â€Å"something set between†) juxtapose: place together for comparison (â€Å"set beside†) juxtaposition: placement together for comparison (â€Å"something set beside†) oppose: disagree (â€Å"set against†) opposite: against (â€Å"set against†) opposition: disagreement (â€Å"something set against†) presuppose: assume or require something is true, exists, or will happen (â€Å"set on before†) presupposition: an assumption that something is true, exists, or will happen (â€Å"something set on before†) propose and proposition: suggest (â€Å"set forth†) proposal and proposition: a suggestion (â€Å"something set forth†) superimpose: place on top of something else (â€Å"set over†) superimposition: something placed on top of something else (â€Å"something set over†) superpose: same as superimpose, but with an additional sense of placing geometric figures congruently atop each other suppose: assume (â€Å"set under†) supposition: assumption (â€Å"something set under†) suppository: medicine placed in the rectum or vagina (â€Å"something set under†) transpose: move away (â€Å"set across†) transposition: movement away (â€Å"something set across†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†Does "Mr" Take a Period?How to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Friendster Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Friendster - Assignment Example A defendant who has only added a new element to the claimed invention cannot avoid liability. Facebook and Myspace may use the defense of invalid as anticipated to avoid legal liability. This is through claiming that Friendster should not have been given this patent rights as their invention was anticipated. An anticipated invention is one that draws its inspiration from prior arts thus making their production to be predictable and expected by people. Such an invention cannot be a novelty and only novelties are accepted for receiving patent rights (Cooper, 2007). The option of showing that the patent is invalid as obvious can be used to discredit the patent rights. An invention may not be anticipated but obvious. The doctrine of obviousness gives the accused infringers some form of flexibility when the court is determining validity of a patent. Patents on invention which are novel but contain little differences with other inventions of prior arts will be invalid if such differences are very pronounced to a person who is skilled to that relevant art. The defendants may claim that the patents by Friendster are unenforceable even though they are valid. Even though Facebook and Myspace may have infringed on the patent rights, they may prove that those rights were not enforceable (Schlicher, 2003). This may succeed if Friendster had committed conduct that was inequitable. This conduct may involve failure to disclose the relevant prior art to the examiners during prosecution. This conduct is inequitable as it accords an inventor undeserved advantage over other inventors who comply with the inspection rules. The patent rights obtained are legal and valid but they are

Government and Non-Profit Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Government and Non-Profit Organizations - Essay Example This will not only provide joint support but will initiate some other ways of improving tourism among the youths and the local people. Some of the governmental agencies which the organization can partner with include Ministry of sports and youth affairs, Ministry of tourism, as well as institutions of higher learning in Kenya. The above mentioned government agencies will be highly meaningful in giving support to the realization of the organization goal in various ways. Ministry of sports and youth affairs is in charge of sporting activities in the country as well as establishing the well-being of youths in the country. It therefore has the influence of youths towards visiting the parks. Ministry of tourism is in charge of promoting tourism in the national and international arena. This will provide an avenue for marketing the organization and formulating policies to the local people as well as to the youths hence creating awareness (Jones, 2005). Institutions of higher learning comprising of universities and middle colleges can arrange tour activities such as picnics and adventures to the Nairobi National Park as they are the centre of excellence where many youths are. Despite the efforts by Nairobi National Park to increase the number of local tourist, there are perceived conflicts which are to arise as it partners with government and other agencies. One of the potential conflicts is on the fee to be charged in the entrance. Most young adults do not have enough money to cater for the higher fees charged hence will conflict with the agencies which may introduce small fees. Additionally, the agencies may want to dominate through imposing policies against the organization. The clash in polices will pose a conflict between the organization and government

Special Education and Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Special Education and Needs - Essay Example (Florian 2006).These children need special attention and care and that is why special education is needed. The quality of educating special children should improve. Inclusive education is not made compulsory in all the countries. Inclusive education is modifying the existing system to suit the needs of these special children. The government should take measures to provide proper education and other facilities to the special children. Though there is an increase in the number of schools, the people selecting these schools are still less. Most of the disabled children are not enrolled in any of the schools and they feel they are different from others. Educational institutions all over the world are trying hard to provide the necessary facilities for the disabled children. Government should provide the resources required to manage the special children. Inclusion helps in providing the essential opportunities to all students. It helps in increasing the involvement of students in all types of activities. The existing government and their policies on special education and inclusion are better than how it was before. But this is not sufficient, as disabled people find it difficult to mingle with the normal people. Although there are several institutions that help these children and include them, this has to be increased. In countries like U.K and America, where the number of service organizations are limited, it becomes difficult for the parents to manage such children. More service organizations should be established and they should take the initiative to help these children. Government must organize all this and make sure the special education is provided to everybody without any discrimination. Inclusion is done to enable all students including the disabled to participate in all activities. They should not be separated from others; doing so will spoil the child's mind. America When compared to other countries, America has the major number of schools that educate students with disabilities. The number of students in the special education is rapidly increasing, which in turn leads to the increase in the special education schools. Generally it is difficult to make out the student who has disability from the normal students, as not all of the disabled people will be severe. American education system is being inclusive as it includes people with all sorts of disability. (Mitchell 2005).Disabled students will not be able to perform well when compared to the other students. Hence special care should be taken to make them excel in the academics. Most of the special children pursue their high school, where as there is a decline in the disabled students completing the high school. Once they complete their education, most of them try and engage in any employment and some continue their higher education. This information was revealed by a recent survey conducted in Am erica. America is definitely growing at a fast pace in improving the special education institutions. As seen in the survey report, America is better than the other countries in terms of the inclusion and education for all. There are so many schools that concentrate on educating these special and disabled children. To enhance the existing education system, the schools should be made aware of the disabilities and special children. The teachers and the faculties must have knowledge about the problems and how to help them in continuing their education. New strategies can be adapted

Focus on the Learner Essay Example for Free

Focus on the Learner Essay 1.Group Profile Its a mixed group with a very mixed cultural background as only three students are actually from Germany. Four of the students were born in another country e.g. Lithuania, Turkey, France and Romania. They all moved to Germany as adults and all share German as a common language. The group is heterogeneous concerning the age they started learning English. Two students started learning as adults while the others started learning at school. Most of the students have learnt another language as an adult and therefore have previous language learning experience. The motivation for doing the course is quite high and the group can be divided into two groups – students who need English for their job/university and students who want to learn for their own enjoyment. They are all at upper intermediate level. Except for one student (who could be classed as a converger), the overall group could be classed as concrete learners. They enjoy the social aspects of learning and like to learn from direct experience. They are interested in the language and they enjoy games and group-work in class. The entire group could also be classed as communicative learners because they show a degree of confidence and a willingness to take risks. They are much more interested in social interaction with other speakers of the language than they are with analysis of how the language works. (Learning styles based on Keith Willing [1987]). 2.Strengths and weaknesses Grammar The students are weak when forming the present simple (especially 3rd person singular) (e.g. I must to take the train, She like climbing, Stephen come from Australia) very often confusing it with the present continuous. (Sometimes Im reading Turkish books). Most students also have problems when using the simple past (we seed its ill, I gone to school with her, We can found this in a school, Where are you born?, She were †¦). Some students also have problems with verb-noun collocations (e.g. She make all the housework) Vocabulary The students have a good basic knowledge of vocabulary. They can talk about themselves, where they come from, their profession, their families, experiences they have had in the past and things they like to spend more money on. (Example of good language: My picture is a technical object but I really dont know what it is used for, Because you met the Pope, you changed your mind You said dug – so it is dig, dug, dug = verb orientation). Many of the students try to translate directly from German into English (The cat was by us) and sometimes use a German word in a sentence, using it questioningly enabling other students to help out with the correct English word. The students respond very well, offering suggestions until correct answer is found. Most of the students focus on finding the exact translation of the unknown word rather than trying to paraphrase their idea. Pronunciation All the students have a strong L1 interference and speak with an accent. The group responds well to drilling the right pronunciation and where to put stress on the words. They are keen to sound natural and like repeating after  the teacher. Some students pronounce the endings of words that arent necessary e.g. clothes, See instead of sea, Lus their jobs Words: 208 3.Strengths and weaknesses skills Reading The students are able to read a text fairly quickly in order to understand the overall meaning. After enquiring about a few words of vocabulary (sometimes looking this up themselves in a dictionary) they are able to answer all the questions quickly and correctly. Listening The students are able to listen to texts read to them and in most cases understand the general meaning already after the first time. After hearing the text for the second time, they are able to answer questions, in most cases correctly. The students react well to instructions and during conversation they wait patiently until their dialogue partner has finished. One student is a panicky listener, the others all seem to be relaxed listeners. Writing The students have a wide range of vocabulary appropriate for the given tasks. Their sentences are well-structured and they make few mistakes. Speaking The students try to use structured sentences. If they are confident with the vocabulary hesitation is less frequent, with new vocabulary or grammar most students hesitate frequently. The students are motivated to improve their speaking ability and they make a great effort to only speak English. Some of them use gestures when they do not know a word, others switch between German and English, using the German word to fill in the gaps in the sentence (I go with the Straßenbahn, I make Teig with Zimt and †¦). 4.Recommendations Language development 1.Total English Workbook (Pre-intermediate) Antonia Clare/JJ Wilson – Longman Publishers Page 8, Section 1.3Grammar : Present Simple vs Present Continuous Justification:All 3 exercises on this page help the students to distinguish between the present simple and the present continuous. It also concerns activities they can associate with 2.New Cutting Edge (Pre-intermediate Students Book) Sarah Cunningham/Peter Moor – Pearson/Longman Publishers Module 4, page 34Language Focus 1 Present continuous and present simple Justification:At the top left of the page there is a grammar exercise section where the students have to underline and give an example of the present simple/present continuous. Exercises 1 and 2 help to practice the use of them. 3.Language to go Students Book (Pre-intermediate) Gillie Cunningham/Sue Mohamed – Longman Publishers Lesson 3, page 9 – The Present (Grammar focus) Justification:Exercises for the students to practice distinguishing between Present simple and Present continuous. First of all filling in the gaps, then writing their own email and finally using the language by talking in pairs 4.Total English Students Book (Pre-intermediate) Richard Acklam/Araminta Crace –Pearson/Longman Publishers Chapter 1, page 14 – Review and practice Justification:Exercises for practicing both present simple and present continuous (including question-forming) 5.Clockwise Pre-intermediate Class Book Bruce McGowen Vic Richardson – Oxford University Press Chapter 25, page 65 – Present simple and continuous Justification:Students can fill in the tables with the verb and then complete the rules for using Present simple and continuous themselves in exercise 1 6.New Edition Basis for Business David Christie – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 2, pages 24 and 25 – Further study (Simple present and present continuous) Justification:On page 24 there is an explanation of when to use simple present and present continuous and on page 25 there are exercises to practice 7.New Edition Basis for Business David Christie – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 3, pages 37 and 38 – Further study (Simple past and past continuous) Justification:On page 37 there is an explanation of when to use simple past and past continuous and on page 38 there are exercises to practice 8.Powerbase Pre-intermediate David Evans – Longman Publishers Unit 4, pages 30 to 33 – Going places Justification:The article on page 31 is quite interesting for the students. On page 30 they can fill-in the verbs in the past and present form and on page 32 the past simple can be practiced in exercises. 9.Business opportunities Vicki Hollett – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 5, Growth and development, pages 50 and 51 – Past experiences Justification:The article on page 31 is quite interesting for the students. On page 50 they can fill-in a time line. On page 51 there is an explanation on when to use the simple past, questions for the students to answer and discussion exercise. Skills development 10.Business opportunities Vicki Hollett – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 2, Telephoning to make arrangements, pages 23, 150 and 151 Justification: Students usually enjoy doing role play. In these exercises they work with a partner and discuss a) a conference programme and b) arranging a meeting. 11.Business opportunities Vicki Hollett – Cornelsen Oxford Unit 7, Telephoning to exchange information, page 73 Justification: Students will probably find the stories on this page quite amusing. They will then discuss any car accidents or funny incidents that they have experienced themselves. References: 1.Total English Workbook (Pre-intermediate) Antonia Clare/JJ Wilson – Longman Publishers 2.New Cutting Edge (Pre-intermediate Students Book) Sarah Cunningham/Peter Moor – Pearson/Longman Publishers 3.Language to go Students Book (Pre-intermediate) Gillie Cunningham/Sue Mohamed – Longman Publishers 4.Total English Students Book (Pre-intermediate) Richard Acklam/Araminta Crace –Pearson/Longman Publishers 5.Clockwise Pre-intermediate Class Book Bruce McGowen Vic Richardson – Oxford University Press 6.New Edition Basis for Business David Christie – Cornelsen Oxford 7.Powerbase Pre-intermediate David Evans – Longman Publishers 8.Business opportunities Vicki Hollett – Cornelsen Oxford

Belly Dancing Essay -- Art, Dancing

Hate doing crunches? Do they strain your back and neck muscles? Try belly dancing, it gives you better benefits than the average crunch with less pain. In addition to the physical and emotional benefits, belly dancing also has an impact on child birth and ones creativity in an entertaining manner. The physical benefits of belly dancing are, being able to become healthier, and in better shape. Being out of shape can also affect a person’s emotional-state. Participating in belly dancing can benefit ones self-esteem, and help their emotional well-being. Ones emotional-state can take a toll for the worst or the best when trying to become pregnant. Belly dancing is said to help the chances of a woman trying to become pregnant. Belly dancing also helps the birthing process, and can also help your pelvic muscles after pregnancy. Being pregnant can affect ones choice in attire. Belly dance allows one to become creative through the choreography and also their attire. Belly dancers bri ng out the most of their creativity while performing on stage. Belly dancing is very beneficial to ones physical and emotional state and could also help with the birth process; therefore it should be applied as a creative and entertaining form of daily exercise. Belly dance has physical and health benefits, remember; â€Å"A healthy heart is a happy heart†. According to Pina Coluccia â€Å"Belly Dancing strengthens the heart muscle and stimulates circulation† (Coluccia 84). Belly dancing is considered an aerobic or cardiovascular exercise. â€Å"Belly dancing can be considered a cardiovascular exercise, because it has similar effects as jogging or cycling† (Coluccia 84). Kanina says â€Å"Most of the students that attend my belly dancing classes, use belly dancing as a form o... .... The creativeness of belly dancing is brought out by what the women or men wear, and also where they are performing, and what style of belly dancing they are performing. If a woman is pregnant and is performing she could wear a dress and hide her belly, or she could emphasize her belly and wear a bra and a skirt. Belly dancing depends on the person; if they want to be more physically fit it is a good form of exercise. If a person wants to boost their self-esteem level practicing belly dancing will allow them to come in touch with their spiritual self. Also if a woman wants the birth process to be an easy belly dancing practices the birthing dance or movement. Belly dancing is very beneficial to ones physical and emotional state and could also help with the birth process; therefore it should be applied as a creative and entertaining form of daily exercise.